The knee joint joint joint: causes, symptoms and treatment

A healthy person senses that walking and running consider it something natural and simple.But those who encountered muscle bone diseases know how many difficulties are the temporary or constant restriction of mobility.Meanwhile, every second person younger than 50 years of age suffers from arthritis, and arthrosis of the knee joint is one of the main causes of disability of women and men.

Causes of arthrosis of the knee joint

Despite the widespread prevalence of arthrosis, the name of this disease is still disturbed.This is officially called "deforming osteoarthritis".But you can even hear the word "arthritis" from doctors' lips - there is no significant error here, although this term is more common than rheumatoid arthritis: another disease with different origins and symptoms than osteoarthritis.

Deformation of osteoarthritis is a progressive lesion of the cartilage that lined the surface of the joint, leading to a violation of its work and pain.

It is an extremely common pathology that is more common in advanced women with overweight.At the same time, the deformation of osteoarthritis is sometimes observed in young athletic men: the momentum of developing the disease is the sports trauma caused by excessive loads in the gym.

In addition, gonarthrosis occurs for the following reasons:

• fracture of the legs and dislocation of the knee joints;
• Menisc injections;
• Inflammatory arthritis (rheumatism, gout, bekhterev disease, etc.);
• metabolic violation;
• Congenital weakness of the ligament device (hypermobility of joints);
• Hereditary predisposition to the arthrosis of the knee joint.

Honartrosis can occur in any of us - experts note that this (paradoxically) is an increase in the average life of the population: our joints fail before we feel elderly people and deny the activity.

The joints of the knee joint arthritis

Arthrosis never happens suddenly.The first symptom, which occurs well before the acceleum of the disease, is a slight pain when increasing during walking and descending on the stairs.The discomfort usually appears at the beginning of the movement, disappear after a short walk and return after a long load of the joint.

Over time, when arthrosis is not treated, the symptoms will worsen - the pain becomes continuous, the movement of the knee joint is increasingly limited and the size of the knee size is increasing.Doctors advise not to attract a visit to the hospital when the first unpleasant sensations appear.This happens without extended and expensive treatment: it becomes increasingly difficult with the onset of the disease.

Gonarthrosis

There are three degrees of arthrosis of the knee joint:

• Gonarthrosis 1 degree is a gap from the first symptoms of the disease to the appearance of bone deformation, which are noticeable during the examination or in X -Srays.In this case, the knee can change its shape during the first months of arthrosis, but the accumulation of fluid in the joint (this phenomenon is called synovitis).1 degree of gonarthrosis is mainly characterized by pain of different intensity during movement.
• 2 The extent of the arthrosis of the knee joint is accompanied by discomfort at the smallest load, crunching and squatting in the knees, and reducing joint mobility.X -try increases bone tissue along the edges of the joint and narrowing the joint gap.Externally, the 2 degree gonarthrosis knee seems deformed and increased.
• In the case of 3 degrees of gonarthrosis cartilage tissue, almost no remains inside the joint, and in severe form of osteoarthrosis, the bones increase together, leading to the full mobility of the patient.Persons with such a disease are difficult to enter into a position in which the pain disappears - a dream disturbance and it becomes impossible to move without cancer or stick.

Only one doctor is able to determine the degree of arthrosis of the knee joint after studying X -rays: there are cases where first -degree mild symptoms are far from the destruction of intra -articular cartilage.

Treatment of the joint joint of the knee joint

If the diagnosis has shown gonartrosis, the upcoming treatment should be responsible.Do not expect compression or ointments from the nearest pharmacy to solve the problem - this disease requires an integrated approach and compliance with a specialist.

There is no and no "scenario" to treat the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint - the orthopedic is required to take into account the patient's complaints, monitor the concomitant pathology, and take into account the arsenal of physiotherapy techniques available to the medical institution.The best solution is to treat gonarthrosis at a special orthopedic clinic.

Drug treatment (medicines to treat arthrosis of the knee joint)

Medicines are important in the treatment of gonarthrosis, especially in situations where the symptoms of acute pain need to be relieved and reduced inflammation.For this purpose, doctors prescribe non -steroid anti -inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): diclofenac, indomethacin, nimesulide and others.Steroids are prescribed to overcome the severe inflammatory process and improve the condition of cartilage tissue - medicines for joints and vasodilators.These drugs are prescribed both in the form of tablets and in the form of creams and ointments, injected (with any severity of arthrosis of the knee joint).

Special mention is worth mentioning the plasmolification method - the introduction of the blood plasma of the patient with plasma into the knee joint affected by arthrosis.This technique is successfully used in sporting medicine, where special attention is paid to the speedy recovery of the muscle bone system.

It has long been considered one of the main folk cures for arthrosis: it has been used for infusions (such as Linden Flowers), both packaging and massage.It is difficult to say how honey helps to eliminate the causes of the disease, but this device definitely does not cause harm - even doctors say.

Surgery

Variable objects of invasivity are designed not only to relieve the symptoms of the disease but also to eliminate the causes.

• Thrust.In order to get rid of excessive fluid in the joint cavity, surgeons require punching - this minimally invasive intervention reduces inflammation and restores knee mobility.
• Arthroscopy.If it requires an arthrosis surgery (usually with a severity of 2 degrees), it can be done endoscopically - this technique does not require autopsy of the joint cavity and all manipulations are performed with thin elastic tools under the control of the micro -camera control.Artroscopy involves cleaning of joint surfaces from fragments of the destroyed cartilage.
• Osteotomy near the joints is a more traumatic intervention.During surgery, one of the bones that make up the knee joint is cut and then secured again, but at a different angle.This approach allows you to redistribute your knee load, which reduces pain syndrome and increases your knee mobility.Osteotomy is usually used for 1 and 2 degrees of osteoarthrosis of the knee joint.
• Endoprostication means that the knee joint is replaced by a bio -compatible design, ensuring the previous amount of movement.This complex surgical intervention requires prolonged rehabilitation, so patients with 3 degrees of gonarthrosis are generally decided.

Non -surgical methods to treat deforming osteoarthritis

But still, every operation is a serious test for the body, so people with arthrosis of the knee joint prefer conservative treatment.Practice shows that the change in physiotherapy and other methods, as well as the change in lifestyle, results in tangible improvement by minimizing the use of drugs.

Physiotherapy

• The shock wave therapy (UVT) has been used for 20 years at clinics.During the procedure, the physician has a radial acoustic wave (2000-4000 impulses) on the affected area.The therapeutic effect is achieved due to activation of blood supply and stimulating bones and cartilage restoration.
• Myostimulation means that the muscles surrounding the joint is surrounded by the impulse of the weak current, as the mobility of the sore leg increases, the pain disappears and the endurance increases to physical activity.
• Fonophoresis - a combination of ultrasonic therapy and drug effects, which is very effective for gonarthrosis.It is known that only 5-7% of the drug is absorbed on the skin in the form of ointment, gel or cream.With this procedure, high -frequency vibrations heat the tissues of the knee joint and improve the absorption of the drug, which allows you to save expensive drugs while getting good results.
• Ozone therapy.The effect of active oxygen on the tissue has an anti -inflammatory and analgesic effect, through which the arthrosis of the knee may deny hormonal drugs or reduce dosage.

Kinin -nitherapy

• According to doctors, medical physical education (exercise therapy) allows responsible and diligent patients with arthrosis to "escape" the surgery.Daily workouts, according to a special technique, strengthen the muscles of the legs smoothly, which in some cases reverses the pathological process and returns the patient to previous mobility.The most important success factor is the competent series of exercises, which is told by an experienced physical therapy instructor.
• Massage (including lymphatic drainage) and manual therapy - methods of passive effect on the patient's muscles, joints and ligaments.They are suitable for sitting patients and are perfectly combined with physical therapy, physiotherapy and medication for deformation of osteoarthrosis.
• Mechanotherapy includes the use of special tools that improve body movement therapy and massage - vibration simulators, weighting and mechanical massagers.
• Joint traffic is a mechanical increase in the location of the cavity, which slows down the pain and joint destruction.This technique is used for several years to delay the progression of the knee joint arthrosis.

Diet treatment

Consultation with a nutritionist and later treatment for overweight and obesity are an effective complement to the main methods of fighting localization arthrosis.Weight loss relieves joint load and facilitates the physical therapy of greasy people.Radical treatment of obesity - bariatric surgery - often allows you to diagnose people who have suffered from arthrosis for years.

Orthopedic doctors recommend thinking about the health of the knee before they first feel pain in this area.The recommendations are simple: the weight, carefully choose the right shoes, rationally approach physical training, use swimming (this removes the load from all joints at the same time), avoids legs hypothermia and leaves smoking.